- RO Membrane Filtration - Reverse
Osmosis Water Systems Information
WHAT IS REVERSE OSMOSIS ?
Reverse osmosis is a separation process
in which dissolved ions, heavy molecular weight compounds, and
particulate matter are removed from a liquid. The process splits
the liquid flow into a purified stream of liquid which has passed
through the membrane (permeate) and a concentrated stream of
liquid which has passed over the surface of the membrane (concentrate).
Many factors effect the separation process, including: pressure,
temperature, flow rate, percent of passage through membrane,
amount of matter in raw liquid, and type of matter in raw liquid.
All of these factors must be considered in the design of the
reverse osmosis system. The basic components of the reverse osmosis
system are the membranes and the pump which drives liquid through
the membranes. The balance of the system componentry is made
up of piping and valving to route fluid through the system, monitoring
apparatus, electronic control of the process, and raw fluid pretreatment.
As purified water passes through the membrane it leaves the rejected
contaminants behind, concentrating the solution at the membrane
surface. The system must be properly designed and maintained
to avoid the precipitation of these concentrated contaminants
on the membrane surface. Pretreatment processes such as filtration,
ion exchange, antiscalant injection, and pH adjustment are utilized
to assist in preventing membrane fouling. Properly pretreated
feed water is delivered to the membranes by the pressure boosting
pump. As pressure is increased more water passes through the
membrane. The amount of water passing through the membrane is
referred to as flux and is generally expressed in gallons per
square foot of membrane per day (GFD). Every membrane has a maximum
recommended flux. The higher the flux the more water is produced.
Contaminant rejection by the membrane remains constant and therefore
the more water that passes through the membrane the higher the
quality of this permeate water. It would seem that it would be
best to operate membranes at maximum flux because they would
produce the most water and the highest quality water. However,
as more water is produced more contaminants are left behind and
the concentration of contaminants at the membrane surface increases.
High quality system design utilizes conservative flux values
for prolonged membrane life. Computer design programs predict
membrane performance under expected conditions and generate pressure
and flow values for system operation. After installation and
start up of a reverse osmosis system, the operational values
of pressure and flow must be noted. Significant deviation from
these values indicates that system maintenance is required. RO
system maintenance generally consists of prefilter cartridge
changes, , and periodic membrane cleaning. These processes are
critical to membrane longevity and proper system operation.
Learn the numerous benefits of RO water
systems > HERE
WHO USES REVERSE OSMOSIS ?
Commercial
reverse osmosis applications include: Agriculture, Livestock,
Green Houses- Orchards, Groves, Food, Ice,and Beverage Industry,
Electronic Industry, Process Water, Chemical Industry, Electroplating
Industry, Electrical Power Generating, Polymer Solutions and
more
- RainDance Water
Systems P.O. Box
2312 Ramona, Ca. 92065
- U.S. Toll Free: 1-877-788-8387
/ Outside The U.S. 760-788-8387
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